Sicela upheqa uhlu lwamagama, olunikeza izincazelo ezifinyelelekayo zamagama asetshenziswa kakhuluukukhanya, izakhiwo kanye nomklamo.Amagama, ama-acronyms, kanye ne-nomenclature kuchazwa ngendlela eqondwa iningi labaklami bokukhanyisa.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zincazelo zingase zibe yi-subjective futhi zisebenze kuphela njengomhlahlandlela.
A
Ukukhanya kwe-accent: Uhlobo lokukhanya olusetshenziselwa ukunakwa noma ukugcizelela into ethile noma isakhiwo.
Izilawuli eziguqukayo: Amadivayisi afana nezinzwa ezinyakazayo, izibani nezibali zesikhathi ezisetshenziswa nokukhanya kwangaphandle ukuze kushintshwe ukushuba kokukhanya noma ubude besikhathi.
Ukukhanya kwe-ambient: Izinga elijwayelekile lokukhanya esikhaleni.
I-Angstrom: Ubude begagasi beyunithi yezinkanyezi, 10-10 amamitha noma 0.1 nanometer.
B
Baffle: Into eshintshashintshayo noma e-opaque esetshenziselwa ukufihla umthombo wokukhanya ukuthi ungabuki.
I-Ballast: Idivayisi esetshenziswa ukuqalisa nokusebenzisa isibani ngokunikeza i-voltage, yamanje kanye/noma i-waveform edingekayo.
Ukusabalala kwe-Beam: I-engeli phakathi kwezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili endizeni lapho amandla alingana nephesenti elithile lokuqina okukhulu, ngokuvamile okungu-10%.
Ukukhanya: Ukushuba kokuzwa okubangelwa izindawo zokubuka ezikhipha ukukhanya.
Isibani noma isibani: Umthombo wokukhanya.Umhlangano wonke kufanele uhlukaniswe (bheka i-luminaire).I-bulb kanye nezindlu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isibani.
C
Candela: Iyunithi yokuqina.I-Candela: Iyunithi yokuqina okukhanyayo.Ngaphambili elaziwa ngokuthi ikhandlela.
Ijika lokusabalalisa amandla e-Candlepower(ebuye ibizwe ngesakhiwo sokusabalalisa amandla e-candlepower): Lena igrafu yokuhluka kokukhanya kokukhanya noma ukukhanya.
Amandla e-Candlepower: Ukuqina okukhanyayo kuvezwe ku-Candelas.
I-CIE: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage.I-International Light Commission.Izindinganiso eziningi zokukhanyisa zibekwe ikhomishana yokukhanya yamazwe ngamazwe.
I-Coefficient of Utilization - CU: Isilinganiso sokukhanya okukhanyayo (ama-lumens), esitholwe isibani “endizeni yokusebenza” [indawo okudingeka kuyo ukukhanya], kumalumens akhishwa i-luminaire.
Ukunikezwa kombala: Umthelela womthombo wokukhanya ekubukekeni kwemibala yezinto uma kuqhathaniswa nokubukeka kwazo lapho kuvezwe ekukhanyeni kwasemini okuvamile.
Inkomba Yokunikeza Umbala CRI: Isilinganiso sokuthi umthombo wokukhanya one-CCT ethile uyinikeza ngokunembe kangakanani imibala uma uqhathaniswa nomthombo oyisithenjwa one-CCT efanayo.I-CRI yenani eliphezulu inikeza ukukhanya okungcono emazingeni afanayo noma aphansi okukhanyisa.Akufanele uhlanganise izibani ezinama-CCT noma ama-CRI ahlukene.Lapho uthenga izibani, cacisa kokubili i-CCT ne-CRI.
Izigaxa kanye nezinduku: Amaqembu amaseli azwela ukukhanya atholakala ku-retina yamehlo ezilwane.Amacones abusa lapho ukukhanya kuphezulu futhi anikeza ukubona kombala.Ama-rod abusa emazingeni aphansi okukhanya kodwa awanikezi ukubona kombala okubalulekile.
Conspicuity: Ikhono lesiginali noma umyalezo wokugqama kungemuva laso ngendlela ebonakala kalula ngeso.
Izinga Lokushisa Lombala Elihlobene (CCT): Isilinganiso sokufudumala noma ukupholile kokukhanya ngamadigri e-Kelvin (degK).Amalambu ane-CCT engaphansi kuka-3,200 degrees Kelvin abhekwa njengefudumele.Amalambu ane-CCT angaphezu kuka-4,00 degK avela ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umthetho weCosine: Ukukhanya endaweni kushintsha njenge-engeli ye-cosine yokukhanya kwesigameko.Ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa isikwele esiphambene nemithetho ye-cosine.
I-engeli yokusika: I-engeli yokusika ye-luminaire i-engeli elinganiswa ukusuka ku-nadir yayo.Iqonde phansi, phakathi kwe-eksisi eqondile ye-luminaire kanye nomugqa wokuqala lapho isibani noma isibani singabonakali.
I-Cutting-off Ficture: I-IES ichaza i-cutoff fixture ngokuthi “Amandla angaphezu kuka-90deg ngokuvundlile, amalambu angabi ngaphezu kuka-2.5% futhi angabe esaba ngaphezu kwalokho okungu-10% kwezibani ezingaphezu kuka-80deg”.
D
Ukujwayela okumnyama: Inqubo lapho iso lijwayelana nezibani ezingaphansi kuka-0.03 candela (0.01 footlambert) imitha yesikwele ngayinye.
I-Diffuser: Into esetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okuvela emthonjeni wokukhanyisa.
I-Dimmer: Ama-Dimmers anciphisa izidingo zokufakwa kwamandla ezibani ze-fluorescent nezibani ze-incandescent.Izibani ze-fluorescent zidinga ama-dimming ballast akhethekile.Izibani ze-incandescent zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle uma zifiphalisiwe.
Ukucwazimula kokukhubazeka: Ukucwebezela okunciphisa ukubonakala nokusebenza.Kungahambisana nokungakhululeki.
Ukukhanya okungahambi kahle: Ukucwebezela okubangela ukungakhululeki kodwa akunciphisi ukusebenza kokubukwayo.
E
Ukusebenza kahle: Ikhono lesistimu yokukhanyisa ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela oyifunayo.Kukalwa nge-lumens/watt (lm/W), lesi isilinganiso phakathi kokuphuma kokukhanya nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kahle: Isilinganiso sokuphumayo noma ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu ngokuqhathaniswa nokokufaka kwayo.
I-electromagnetic spectrum (EM): Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla akhishwa emthonjeni okhazimulayo ngokulandelana kwefrikhwensi noma ubude begagasi.Kufaka phakathi imisebe ye-gamma, ama-X-ray, i-ultraviolet, amaza abonakalayo, amaza okukhanya okungabonakali nomsakazo.
Amandla (amandla akhazimulayo): iyunithi i-joule noma i-erg.
F
Ukukhanyisa kwe-facade: Ukukhanya kwesakhiwo sangaphandle.
Ukulungisa: Umhlangano ophethe isibani ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokukhanyisa.I-fixture ihlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezilawula ukuphuma kokukhanya, okuhlanganisa isibonisi, i-refractor, i-ballast, indlu nezingxenye zokunamathisela.
I-lumens yokulungisa: Ukukhanya okukhipha isibani ngemva kokuthi sicutshungulwe ama-optics.
Ukulungisa Watts: Isamba samandla asetshenziswa isibani.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amalambu nama-ballasts.
I-Floodlight: Isibani esiklanyelwe “ukukhukhula”, noma ukukhukhula, indawo echaziwe enokukhanya.
I-Flux (ukugeleza okukhazimulayo): Iyunithi ingama-watts noma i-erg/isekhondi.
Ikhandlela lezinyawo: Ukukhanya endaweni ekhiqizwe umthombo wephuzu okhishwa ngokufanayo ekhandlelani elilodwa.
I-Footlambert (isibani sezinyawo): Ukukhanya okumaphakathi kwendawo ekhiphayo noma ebonisayo ngesilinganiso esingu-1 ilume ngonyawo lwesikwele ngasinye.
Ukulungiswa okugcwele: Ngokusho kwe-IES, lokhu kuyisici esinobukhulu obungu-10% bokukhanya kwesibani ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-80.
Ukulungiswa Okugcwele Okuvikelekile: Isakhiwo esingavumeli noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kudlule kuso ngaphezu kwendiza evundlile.
G
Ukucwebezela: Ukukhanya okuyimpumputhe, okunamandla okunciphisa ukubonakala.Ukukhanya okugqamile emkhakheni wokubuka kunokukhanya okushintshile kweso.
H
HID isibani: Ukukhanya okukhishiwe (amandla) esibanini esikhiphayo kukhiqizwa lapho amandla kagesi edlula igesi.I-Mercury, i-metal halide kanye nezibani ze-sodium ezinomfutho ophezulu yizibonelo ze-High-intensity Discharge (HID).Amanye amalambu okukhipha afaka i-fluorescent ne-LPS.Ezinye zalezi zibani zimbozwe ngaphakathi ukuze ziguqule amandla athile e-ultraviolet ekuphumeni kwegesi ekuphumeni okubukwayo.
Isibani se-HPS (High-Pressure Sodium)lambu: Isibani esi-HID esikhiqiza imisebe evela kumhwamuko we-sodium ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu okuyingxenye.(100 Torr) I-HPS empeleni “iwumthombo wephoyinti”.
Isihlangu sendlu: Into ekhanyayo futhi esetshenziswa endaweni yokukhanya ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhanya ekukhanyeni ekhaya noma kwesinye isakhiwo.
I
Ukukhanya: Ukuminyana kwesigameko sokuguquguquka okukhanyayo endaweni.Iyunithi ikhandlela lezinyawo (noma i-lux).
I-IES/IESNA (I-Illuminating Engineering Society yaseNyakatho Melika): Inhlangano yobungcweti yonjiniyela bokukhanyisa kusuka kubakhiqizi nabanye ochwepheshe ababandakanyeka ekukhanyiseni.
I-Incandescente Lamp: Ukukhanyisa kukhiqizwa lapho i-filament ishiswa amandla kagesi ekushiseni okuphezulu.
I-Infrared Radiation: Uhlobo lwemisebe kagesi enobude bamaza amade kunokukhanya okubonakalayo.Isuka onqenqemeni olubomvu lobubanzi obubonakalayo kuma-nanometer angu-700 kufika ku-1 mm.
Ukuqina: Inani noma izinga lamandla noma ukukhanya.
I-International Dark-Sky Association, Inc.: Leli qembu elingenzi nzuzo lihlose ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kwesibhakabhaka esimnyama kanye nesidingo sokukhanya kwangaphandle kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Umthetho wesikwele esiphambene: Amandla okukhanya endaweni ethile alingana ngokuqondile nebanga lakho ukusuka kumthombo wephoyinti, d.E = I/d2
J
K
Ihora le-Kilowatt (kWh): Ama-Kilowatts angawatts angu-1000 wamandla asebenza ihora.
L
Ukuphila Kwesibani: Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila yohlobo oluthile lwesibani.Isibani esijwayelekile sizohlala isikhathi eside kunesigamu sezibani.
I-LED: I-diode ekhipha ukukhanya
Ukungcola okuncane: noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokukhanya okwenziwa.
Ikhwalithi Ekhanyayo: Lesi isilinganiso sokunethezeka nombono umuntu anakho ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni.
Ukuchitheka Kokukhanya: Ukuchitheka okungafuneki noma ukuvuza kokukhanya ezindaweni eziseduze, okungadala umonakalo kuma-receptors azwelayo njengezindawo zokuhlala neziza zemvelo.
Isiphambano Esilula: Uma ukukhanya kwehla lapho kungafunwa khona noma kungadingeki.Ukuchitheka okuncane Ukukhanya okuphazamisayo
Izilawuli Zokukhanyisa: Amadivayisi afiphalisa noma akhanyisa izibani.
Izinzwa ze-Photocell: Izinzwa ezikhanyisa noma zivale izibani ngokusekelwe kuleveli yokukhanya yemvelo.Imodi ethuthuke kakhulu ingafiphalisa kancane kancane noma inyuse ukukhanya.Bheka futhi: Izilawuli eziguqukayo.
I-Low-Pressure Sodium Lamp (LPS): Isibani esikhiphayo lapho ukukhanya okukhiqizwa kuyimisebe ye-sodium vapor ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyingxenye ephansi (cishe 0.001 Torr).Isibani se-LPS sibizwa ngokuthi "i-tube-source".Kuyinto monochromatic.
Lumen: Iyunithi ye-flux ekhanyayo.I-flux ekhiqizwa umthombo owodwa wephoyinti okhipha amandla afanayo we-candela elingu-1.
Isici sokwehla kweLumen: Ukukhanya okukhipha ukukhanya kwe-luminaire kuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuncipha kokusebenza kwesibani, ukunqwabelana kokungcola nezinye izici.
Luminaire: Iyunithi yokukhanyisa yonke, ehlanganisa izinto zokulungisa, ama-ballast namalambu.
Ukusebenza Kwe-Luminaire (Isilinganiso Sokuphuma Kokukhanya): Isilinganiso phakathi kwenani lokukhanya okukhishwa ku-luminaire nokukhanya okukhiqizwa amalambu avalelwe.
Ukukhanya: Iphoyinti eliya endaweni ethile kanye nokuqina kokukhanya okukhiqizwa kuleyo ndawo ngento ezungeze iphoyinti, ihlukaniswa ngendawo evezwa isici kwindiza ehambisana nendawo.Amayunithi: amakhandlela endaweni yeyunithi.
Lux: Ilume eyodwa ngemitha yesikwele.Iyunithi yokukhanyisa.
M
Isibani seMercury: I-HID isibani esikhiqiza ukukhanya ngokukhipha imisebe ephuma ku-mercury vapour.
Isibani se-Metal-halide (HID): Isibani esikhiqiza ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-metal-halide.
Ukuphakama kokukhweza: Ubude belambu noma into ethile ngaphezu komhlaba.
N
uNadir: Iphuzu lembulunga yasezulwini eliphambene ngokulinganayo ne-zenith, futhi ngaphansi ngokuqondile kwesibukeli.
I-Nanometer: Iyunithi ye-nanometer ingamamitha ayi-10-9.Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukumela ubude bamaza ku-EM spectrum.
O
Izinzwa Zokuhlala
* I-infrared engenasici: Isistimu yokulawula ukukhanyisa esebenzisa imishayo yokukhanya kwe-infrared ukuze ithole ukunyakaza.Inzwa yenza kusebenze isistimu yokukhanyisa lapho imishayo ye-infrared iphazanyiswa ukunyakaza.Ngemva kwesikhathi esimisiwe, isistimu izocisha izibani uma kungekho ukunyakaza okutholiwe.
* I-ultrasonic: Lolu uhlelo lokulawula ukukhanya olusebenzisa ama-pulses omsindo we-high-frequency ukuthola ukunyakaza ngokusebenzisa ukubona ukujula.Inzwa yenza kusebenze uhlelo lokukhanyisa lapho imvamisa yamagagasi omsindo ishintsha.Isistimu izocisha izibani ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngaphandle kokunyakaza.
I-Optic: Izingxenye ze-luminaire, njengezibonisi nezifanisi ezakha isigaba esikhipha ukukhanya.
P
I-Photometry: Isilinganiso sobuningi samazinga okukhanya nokusabalalisa.
I-Photocell: Idivayisi eshintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhanya kwe-luminaire ukuphendula kumaleveli okukhanya okuzungezile.
Q
Ikhwalithi yokukhanya: Isilinganiso esizimele sezinto ezinhle nezingezinhle zokufakwa kwezibani.
R
Ama-reflectors: I-Optics elawula ukukhanya ngokubonisa (usebenzisa izibuko).
I-refractor (ebizwa nangokuthi i-lens): Idivayisi yokubona elawula ukukhanya isebenzisa i-refraction.
S
I-semi-cutoff fixture: Ngokusho kwe-IES, "Ukuqina okungaphezu kuka-90deg ngokuvundlile akukho ngaphezu kuka-5% futhi ku-80deg noma ngaphezulu akukho ngaphezu kuka-20%".
Ukuvikela: I-opaque ebonakalayo evimba ukudluliswa kokukhanya.
I-Skyglow: Ukukhanya okusabalele, okuhlakazekile esibhakabhakeni okubangelwa imithombo yokukhanya ehlakazekile evela phansi.
Ukuqina komthombo: Lokhu ukushuba komthombo ngamunye, ohlangothini olungase lube lukhuni futhi ngaphandle kwendawo ezokhanyiswa.
Ukugqama: Isakhiwo sokukhanyisa esiklanyelwe ukukhanyisa indawo echazwe kahle, encane.
Ukukhanya okulahlekile: Ukukhanya okukhishwayo futhi okuwela ngaphandle kwendawo oyifunayo noma edingekayo.Iphutha elincane.
T
Task Lighting: Ukukhanyisa komsebenzi kusetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa imisebenzi ethile ngaphandle kokukhanyisa indawo yonke.
U
Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet: Uhlobo lwemisebe kagesi enobude obuphakathi kuka-400 nm no-100 nm.Ifushane kunokukhanya okubonakalayo, kodwa yinde kune-X ray.
V
I-Veiling Luminance (VL): Ukukhanya okukhiqizwa imithombo ekhanyayo ebekwe ngaphezulu kwesithombe seso, kunciphisa ukugqama nokubonakala.
Ukubonakala: Kubonwa ngeso.Ukubona ngempumelelo.Inhloso yokukhanyisa ebusuku.
W
I-Wallpack: Isibani esivame ukunamathiselwa eceleni noma ngemuva kwesakhiwo ukuze kukhanye okuvamile.
X
Y
Z
Zenith: Iphuzu “ngenhla” noma ngokuqondile “ngenhla”, indawo ethile embulungeni yomkhathi ecatshangwayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-02-2023
