Eminyakeni engaphansi kweyikhulu, noma ubani wayengabheka esibhakabhakeni abone isibhakabhaka esihle ebusuku.Izigidi zezingane azisoze zayibona i-Milky Way emazweni akubo.Ukukhanya okufakelwayo okukhulayo nokusabalele ebusuku akuthinti nje kuphela ukubuka kwethu i-Milky Way, kodwa futhi nokuphepha kwethu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nempilo.
Kuyini ukungcoliswa kokukhanya ?
Sonke siyakwazi ukungcoliswa komoya, amanzi nomhlaba.Kodwa bewazi futhi ukuthi ukukhanya kuyisingcoliso futhi?
Ukunukubezeka kokukhanya ukukhanya kokwenziwa okungalungile noma okweqile.Kungaba nemiphumela emibi yemvelo kubantu, izilwane zasendle kanye nesimo sezulu sethu.Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kuhlanganisa:
Ukucwebezela– Ukukhanya okwedlulele okungadala ukungaphatheki kahle kwamehlo.
I-Skyglow- Ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka ebusuku ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi
Iphutha elincane– Uma ukukhanya kuwa lapho bekungadingeki khona noma bekuhlosiwe.
Imfuhlumfuhlu– Itemu elisetshenziswa ukuchaza iqoqo lezibani ezeqisayo, ezikhanyayo nezididayo.
Ukuthuthuka kwezimboni kwempucuko kuye kwaholela ekungcolisweni kokukhanya.Ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kubangelwa imithombo ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya kwezakhiwo zangaphandle nangaphakathi, izikhangiso, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano namahhovisi, izimboni nezibani zasemgwaqweni.
Izibani eziningi zangaphandle ezisetshenziswa ebusuku azisebenzi kahle, zikhanya kakhulu, aziqondisiwe kahle, noma azivikeleki ngendlela efanele.Ezimweni eziningi, nazo azidingeki ngokuphelele.Ukukhanya nogesi okwasetshenziswa ukuyikhiqiza kuyamoshakala uma uphonswa emoyeni esikhundleni sokugxila ezintweni nasezindaweni abantu abafisa ukukhanyisa.
Kubi kangakanani ukungcoliswa kokukhanya?
Ukukhanyisa ngaphezulu kuyinto ekhathaza umhlaba wonke, njengoba ingxenye enkulu yabantu bomhlaba ihlala ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esingcolile.Ungakubona lokhu kungcola uma uhlala endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha noma edolobheni.Vele uphume ebusuku ubheke esibhakabhakeni.
Ngokusho kwe-groundbreaking 2016 "I-World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness", amaphesenti angu-80 abantu ahlala ngaphansi kokukhanya kwesibhakabhaka ebusuku.E-United States, eYurophu nase-Asia, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-99 abakwazi ukububona ubusuku obungokwemvelo!
Imiphumela yokungcola kokukhanya
Iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu, isigqi sobumnyama nokukhanya eMhlabeni kwadalwa yiLanga, iNyanga, nezinkanyezi kuphela.Izinkanyiso zokwenziwa manje sezehlule ubumnyama, nemizi yethu iyakhanya ebusuku.Lokhu kuphazamise iphethini yemvelo yemini nobusuku futhi kwashintsha ibhalansi ethambile endaweni yethu.Kungase kubonakale sengathi imithelela engemihle yokulahlekelwa yile nsiza yemvelo ekhuthazayo ayiphatheki.Ubufakazi obukhulayo buhlobanisa ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka ebusuku nemiphumela engemihle engalinganiswa, okuhlanganisa:
* Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla
* Ukuphazamisa imvelo nezilwane zasendle
* Ukulimaza impilo yomuntu
* Ubugebengu nokuphepha: indlela entsha
Sonke isakhamuzi sithintwa ukungcoliswa kokukhanya.Ukukhathazeka ngokungcoliswa kokukhanya kukhuphuke kakhulu.Ososayensi, abanikazi bezindlu, izinhlangano zezemvelo kanye nabaholi bomphakathi bonke bathatha isinyathelo sokubuyisela ubusuku bemvelo.Sonke singasebenzisa izixazululo endaweni, kuzwelonke nasemhlabeni jikelele ukulwa nokungcoliswa kokukhanya.
Ukungcola Okukhanyayo & Nezinjongo Ezisebenzayo
Kuhle ukwazi ukuthi ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zokungcoliswa komoya, ukungcoliswa kokukhanya kuyalungiseka.Sonke singenza umehluko.Akwanele ukuqaphela inkinga.Kufanele uthathe isinyathelo.Wonke umuntu ofuna ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya kwakhe kwangaphandle kufanele ahlose ukusebenzisa amandla amancane.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhanya okumoshiwe kumoshekile amandla akusekeli nje ukushintshela kuma-LED, aqondise kakhulu kunama-HID, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezibani kusekela imigomo yokusebenza kahle.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhanyisa kuncishiswa nakakhulu ngokuhlanganisa izilawuli.Kunezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe, ikakhulukazi uma ukukhanya okwenziwayo kwengezwa endaweni ebusuku.
Ubusuku bubalulekile ohlelweni lwemvelo lomhlaba.Ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle kungakhanga futhi kufinyelele imigomo yokusebenza kahle kuyilapho kunikeza ukubonakala okuhle.Kufanele futhi kunciphise ukuphazamiseka kwasebusuku.
I-Dark Sky Efakiwe Izimfanelo Zomkhiqizo Wokukhanyisa
Kungaba nzima ukuthola iisixazululo sokukhanyisa kwangaphandleokuyi-Dark Sky Friendly.Sihlanganise uhlu olunezici ezithile okufanele zicatshangelwe, ukuhambisana kwazo ne-Dark Skies, kanye neImikhiqizo ye-VKSezihlanganisa nabo.
Izinga Lokushisa Lombala Elihlobene (CCT)
Igama elithi chromaticity lichaza indawo yokukhanya esekelwe kumbala nokugcwaliswa kwesikhala.I-CCT isifinyezo samakhodi e-chromaticity.Isetshenziselwa ukuchaza umbala womthombo wokukhanyisa ngokuwuqhathanisa nobude bamaza okukhanya okukhishwa kurediyetha enomzimba omnyama oshiselwe kuze kufike lapho kukhiqizwa khona ukukhanya okubonakalayo.Izinga lokushisa lomoya oshisayo lingasetshenziswa ukuhlobanisa ubude begagasi bokukhanya okukhishiwe.Izinga lokushisa Lombala Elihlobene liyaziwa nangokuthi i-CCT.
Abakhiqizi bokukhanyisa basebenzisa amanani e-CCT ukuze banikeze umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi "ukufudumala" noma "ukupholisa" ukukhanya okuvela emthonjeni.Inani le-CCT livezwa ngamadigri e-Kelvin, abonisa izinga lokushisa lerediyetha yomzimba omnyama.I-CCT ephansi ingu-2000-3000K futhi ibonakala iwolintshi noma iphuzi.Njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka, i-spectrum ishintshela ku-5000-6500K okuyinto epholile.
Kungani i-CCT efudumele isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Dark Sky Friendly?
Uma kuxoxwa ngokukhanya, kubalulekile ukucacisa ububanzi be-wavelength ngoba imiphumela yokukhanya inqunywa kakhulu ubude bayo beza kunombala ocatshangwayo.Umthombo we-CCT ofudumele uzoba ne-SPD ephansi (ukusabalalisa amandla e-Spectral) nokukhanya okuncane kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungabangela i-glare kanye ne-skyglow ngoba amaza amafushane amaza okukhanya okuluhlaza kulula ukuwasakaza.Lokhu kungaba yinkinga nakubashayeli abadala.Ukukhanya okuluhlaza kuyisihloko sengxoxo ejulile neqhubekayo mayelana nomthelela wako kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni.
Imikhiqizo ye-VKS ene-CCT efudumele
Amalensi ngeUkunqunywa Okugcwelekanye ne-Diffuse (U0)
I-Dark Sky Friendly Lighting idinga ukunqanyulwa okugcwele noma ukuphuma kokukhanya okungu-U0.Kusho ukuthini lokhu?Ukusika ngokuphelele igama elidala, kodwa eliwuhumusha kahle umbono.Isilinganiso se-U siyingxenye yesilinganiso se-BUG.
I-IES ithuthukise i-BUG njengendlela yokubala ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okukhishwa ezindaweni ezingahlosiwe yisibani esingaphandle.I-BUG isifinyezo se-Backlight Uplight ne-Glare.Lezi zilinganiso zonke ziyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwe-luminaire.
I-Backlight kanye ne-Glare yingxenye yengxoxo enkulu mayelana nokweqa ukukhanya nokungcoliswa kokukhanya.Kodwa ake sibhekisise i-Uplight.Ukukhanya kukhishwa phezulu, ngaphezu komugqa ongu-90 degree (0 kuba ngokuqondile phansi), futhi ngenhla kwesibani kukhona Ukukhanya.Kuwukumosha ukukhanya uma kungakhanyi into ethile noma indawo ethile.Ukukhanya kukhanya esibhakabhakeni, okufaka isandla ekukhanyeni kwesibhakabhaka lapho kukhombisa ukusuka emafini.
Isilinganiso sika-U sizoba nguziro (zero) uma kungekho ukukhanya okuya phezulu futhi ukukhanya kunqanyulwe ngokuphelele ku-90 degrees.Isilinganiso esiphezulu esingaba khona ngu-U5.Isilinganiso se-BUG asifaki ukukhanya okukhishwa phakathi kuka-0-60 degrees.
I-VKS Floodlight enezinketho ze-U0
Izihlangu
Ama-Luminaires aklanyelwe ukulandela iphethini yokusabalalisa ukukhanya.Iphethini yokusabalalisa ukukhanya isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala ebusuku ezindaweni ezifana nemigwaqo, ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, imigwaqo yaseceleni, nezindlela.Cabanga ngamaphethini okusabalalisa ukukhanya njengamabhulokhi wokwakha asetshenziselwa ukumboza indawo ngokukhanya.Ungase ufune ukukhanyisa izindawo ezithile hhayi ezinye, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Izihlangu zikuvumela ukuthi ulolonge ukukhanya ngokwezidingo zakho ngokuvimbela, ukuvikela noma ukuqondisa kabusha ukukhanya okubonisiwe endaweni ethile yokukhanyisa.Izibani zethu ze-LED zenzelwe ukuhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.Eminyakeni engu-20, okuningi kungashintsha.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungase kwakhiwe amakhaya amasha, noma kungase kudingeke ukuba izihlahla zigawulwe.Izihlangu zingafakwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-luminaire noma kamuva, ngokuphendula izinguquko endaweni yokukhanyisa.I-Skyglow yehliswa izibani ze-U0 ezivikelwe ngokuphelele, ezinciphisa inani lokukhanya okuhlakazekile emkhathini.
Imikhiqizo ye-VKS enezihlangu
Ukufiphala
Ukufiphala kungase kube isengezo esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa kokukhanya.Iyavumelana nezimo futhi inamandla okonga ugesi.Ulayini wonke we-VKS wemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa yangaphandle iza nenketho yokushayela engacimeki.Unganciphisa ukuphuma kokukhanya ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.I-Dimming iyindlela enhle yokugcina izinto ezifanayo kanye nokuzifiphalisa ngokwesidingo.Fiphalisa isibani esisodwa noma ngaphezulu.Fiphalisa izibani ukukhombisa ukuhlala okuphansi noma isikhathi sonyaka.
Ungafiphalisa umkhiqizo we-VKS ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene.Imikhiqizo yethu iyahambisana nakho kokubili ukufiphala okungu-0-10V kanye nokufiphala kwe-DALI.
Imikhiqizo ye-VKS ene-Dimming
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-09-2023
